精心设计 充分预设 灵活驾驭 关注生成
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发布时间:2009-03-09 来源: |
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 12.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -6.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: -.42; mso-para-margin-left: .5gd" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">精心设计</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">充分预设</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">灵活驾驭</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关注生成</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 12.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -6.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: -.42; mso-para-margin-left: .5gd" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 11.9pt; TEXT-INDENT: -5.9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-char-indent-count: -.42; mso-para-margin-left: .5gd" align=right><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">裘锦秋实验学校</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">徐志坚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 11.9pt; TEXT-INDENT: -5.9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right; mso-char-indent-count: -.42; mso-para-margin-left: .5gd" align=right><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: .87gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">记得刚听到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">预设</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这两个新名词时,我总认为:小学生因为年龄小以及学习层次的原因,他们学英语更多还是要求学会模仿,他们的学习模式更多的是依葫芦画瓢式的多一些。至于要让学生在课堂上发表高谈阔论,恐怕也只可能是我们的一个美丽的愿望罢了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要取决于学生的能力,取决于所学的科目啊。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: .87gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但今天,当实施了几学期的新课标后,回头再斟酌自己以前的观点,不免感觉有失偏颇了。课堂的生成与否,仅仅是教者的一念之差;课堂的生成与否,与教者课前的预设是紧密相连的,课堂的生成更与教者的机智分不开。也正是有了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">预设</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这对孪生兄弟</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们的课堂教学才演绎出无限精彩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: .87gd"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="叶澜"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">叶澜</SPAN></st1:PersonName><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教授说得好:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">课堂应是向未知方向挺进的旅程,随时都有可能发现意外的通道和美丽的图景,而不是一切都必须遵循固定线路而没有激情的行程。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">儿童的心灵不是一个需要填满的罐子,而是一颗需要点燃的火种。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">源于教师对学生的鼓励和积极引导,源于教师在课堂上根据学生学习需要,随时做出富有创意的教学调整。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: .87gd"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教学案例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">] <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-left: .87gd"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Public Signs</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Read and match</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公共标志</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而引申出来的一个颇具幽默感的小故事,目的是为了训练学生的朗读和阅读理解能力。我第一次教学该版块时感觉不是很好,类似于一般的短文学习,没有体现出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">幽默</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之处。与其他老师交换意见之后,我对教案作了调整,果然教室里</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乐</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">翻了天,学生轻而易举地就学会了,教学过程如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">预设部分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">) <BR>1. Self-teaching <BR>Look, read and understand the story. <BR>Listen to the story. <BR>2. Ask </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">answer and learn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(结合图片和故事内容)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>T: Who’s the man in the story? <BR>S: He’s Mr Smith. <BR>T: What is Mr Smith doing in the park? <BR>S: He’s walking/ taking a walk. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(板书:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">take a walk</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>T: Suddenly, what does he see on the grass? <BR>S: He sees a ten-yuan note. (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板书:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">a ten-yuan note) <BR>T: Then what does he do? <BR>S: He (quickly walks to the note and )picks it up. (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板书:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">pick it up) <BR>T: Just then, who comes up to him? <BR>S: The park keeper. (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板书:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">a park keeper) <BR>T: What do he say to Mr Smith? <BR>S: Can’t you see the sign over there, Sir? …… <BR>T: Why is Mr Smith fined? </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(板书:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">fine</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罚款)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>S: Because he walks on the grass. <BR>T: Finally, Does Mr Smith get any money? <BR>S: No. <BR>T: Yahh…… First Mr Smith picks a ten-yuan note on the grass, but then he is fin-ed ten yuan. Ten minus ten is zero. What a pity!</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(无可奈何的样子)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>S:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(发出了笑声:通过查字典、听录音等准备工作,加上老师在动作、语句上的引导,在理解故事的基础上已感受到了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">幽默</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(生成部分)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>3. Free talk <BR>T: If you are Mr Smith, will you pick up the ten-yuan note? Why? <BR>S: No. Because I get no money. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(教育:应该捡起来,爱护人民币)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">/ Yes. Because if the park keeper doesn’t see me, I can get ten yuan. / Yes. Because I can run away.(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">韩文斌回答,全班同学大笑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">) <BR>T: </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(笑着问)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Is it good? <BR>S: No. We should give it to the park keeper. <BR>T: If you see a ten-yuan note on the grass, will you pick it up? Why? <BR>S: Yes! (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">几乎是异口同声</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">) I can get ninety yuan.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(乐翻了天,好似真的捡到钱了)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>T: Then what will you do? <BR>S: Find the owner./ Give it to our teacher./ Buy some things…… <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(回到预设:)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>4. Show some phrases <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(如果在引出时教,会破坏故事的完整性,故单独出示)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>5. Read and act <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(有几组同学对故事内容作了适当调整)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个案解读</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">] <BR>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、预设是生成的前提</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传统的课堂教学成功的一个重要因素是教师有充分的预设,他们通过自己丰富的教学经验和教学机智来引导学生进入自己的预设,从而达到顺利完成教学任务的目的。同样我们现在为完成一堂成功的课堂教学,在课前要进行精心的酝酿,每一个环节都考虑得十分周到,无非也是在做更为精细的预设。可见,课堂教学预设相当重要,好的预设并不一定能产生生成,但生成必然有一个好的预设作基础。以我的理解,预设内涵相当丰富,有对教材教学设计的预设,有专业、业务知识的准备和储蓄,还有对学生的熟悉和了解</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">…… <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">课前预设得越充分、到位,越容易产生意想不到的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">精彩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,给人以意犹未尽之感。当然,课堂教学是千变万化的,再好的预设也不可能预见课堂上可能出现的所有情况,有时我们都会突然遭遇,并且是和预设相距甚远的生成,这就需要我们平时积累厚实的教学功底了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、学生的主体性是生成的保证</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就课堂教学而言,课堂生成是显示学生探究悟性、思维灵性、丰满人性的独特学习生命动态的真实反映,是学生自觉凸现课堂主体地位的有力例证。在课堂教学双边参与的动态过程中,师生之间处于一种平等互动的关系,因此,作为教师理应尊重并珍视鲜活灵动的课堂生成,把它作为推进课堂进程的重要资源。课堂上的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教学灵感</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现场生成往往来自于学生活动,它与充分尊重学生的主体性是分不开的,面对课堂现场中超越预设、鲜活丰富的即时生成,要尽量把发展的空间让给学生。由于受到年龄和知识水平的限制,对于学生生成的富有创意但陈述不清的信息资源,教师应采用语言补充、直观辅助、重点强调等方式让全班学生清晰地感受这一生成性资源的优势所在。英语课上每当学生围绕一个话题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Free talk</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时,往往会擦出生成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">火花</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,自然习得语言。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、教师要有一双善于发现的眼睛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> 课堂教学具有极强的现场性。面对富有价值的生成资源,教师不应拘泥于预设的教学过程,而应独具慧眼,将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弱性灵活的成分、始料未及的信息</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等生成性资源即时捕捉并合理纳入课堂临场设计的范畴之中,从而真正让课堂教学呈现出灵动的生机和跳跃的活力。具体地说,教学的流程可以在生成中即时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变奏</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,预设的目标可以在生成中合理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">升降</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,环节的推进可以在生成中适时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增删</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">”……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使课堂教学的既定目标能够更加有效而深层地完成。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此可见,一个充满生命活力的课堂,需要教师课前精心设计、充分预设,课中灵活驾御,关注生成;那么,洋溢着芬芳的精彩便会如约而至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> |
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