<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">以生为本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 华文新魏; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">动态生成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 华文新魏; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 26pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">——<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>分数的初步认识<SPAN lang=EN-US>"</SPAN>课堂实录与反思<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT size=3>——<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>上海市裘锦秋实验学校<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>陈琰<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 14.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">【案例背景】</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">众所周知，分数在生活化数学和形式化数学中都有着广泛的应用。而我们在进行分数初步认识教学时，只是在学生原有的生活认识基础上，加以初步的数学化的整理和概括。这节课的主要教学目标是：了解分数的产生和应用，会读会写分数，知道分数各部分的名称。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知识看似简单，但对学生来说是数的认识的突破（从整数向非整数的突破），是认知结构上的新建，是思维上的一次飞跃。再简单的知识也不能简单随意地教学。在这种新知识起始课中，应充分展示新知识的趣味性和奥妙无穷，让学生一接触到就能喜欢上，从而萌发进一步探究的欲望，这才是我们的目标，这才是新课程积极倡导的教育教学观。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本课的传统教材编排和教学过程也是让学生动手剪纸、涂色，但一般是由教师操作演示，即使安排学生动手，也只是在教师的步步指令下而活动：指定画（剪）几分之几就是几分之几……这并非真正意义上的自主学习和开放教学，无法形成师生的互动。虽然授课之初，学生对分数表示的意思还不清楚，或无法用数学化地语言表述，但他们是有生活经验的。如今，我从学生的原有认知出发，让学生运用平日积累的生活经验和认知体验，去动手“创造”分数，在交流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><A href="http://www.shuxueweb.com/2006/zhongxue/Index.html"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>中学</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">习。目的在于努力寻求“生本”、“互动”、“生成”、“开放”的课堂教学模式的新建构。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 14.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">【片段描述】</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、师（指着板书：分数）：你听说过分数吗？你们在哪里见过分数？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">大部分学生都说：听说过，见过。如：在分东西时，微波炉的按键面上，一些课外书上……</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">师：那你能说出几个分数来吗？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1/2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、师（在该生说出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1/2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">时）：那你能上来写一写吗？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">上台书写。（他的书写顺序是：先写上面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，再写小横线，最后写下面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：他写得不对。我看大人都是先写小横线，再写下面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，最后写上面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">师：你上来写给大家看看吧。（生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">上台书写）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">师：见过分数怎么写的同学，你们认为谁的写法正确啊？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生：生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">同学的对。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">师（确定地说）：分数一般就这么写。我们一起来书空</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1/2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">。（师生共同书空）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 12pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">师问生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：刚才你是怎么读这个分数的？（生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">又读了一遍，但说不出具体的过程。另外几个学生要求帮他解说）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.05pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：他是先读下面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，再读上面的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27.5pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 2.29gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">然后，以这样的读法和写法分别出示了学生的举例（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">100/100</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1/4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1/5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">3/4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">4/2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">5/8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">），并在出示过程中叫全班学生读一读，并书空或书桌。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、师：你还知道哪些关于分数的知识？（没人举手，学生也都轻声地说不知道）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">师接着问：那你知道分数各部分的名称吗？（不知道）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27.35pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">那你知道分数表示什么意思吗？（教室里一片安静，学生进入了沉思。停顿了好一会，有几人“胆怯”地举手）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：我认为跟分东西有关，分东西时会出现分数。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：大概是把东西分了，再拿出其中的几部分……就是分数。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 15.95pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.33gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">（这两位说后，又没人举手了，却有人窃语）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt 12pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-left: 12.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、师：我听见一些同学在底下窃窃私语，不敢站起来发表意见，大概是心里隐隐约约知道一些，只不过一时不知道怎么说，或者怕说不好，是吧？那没关系，说不出来可以动手做出来、画出来。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 6pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 14.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">【案例反思】</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由以上片断可以看出，走进课堂的学生并非是一张“白纸”，他们对新学的知识已经有了一些粗浅的了解，我们必须正视这一现状。所以在课前预设教学过程时，我就意识到了这一事实，因此没有把学生当“无知”来教学，而是尊重学生的原有认知体验。但我不能确定他们心里到底已经知道了多少，于是我做了上述的“新授前调查”，为新课的学习展开找准起点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">调查过程中，发现部分学生关于分数的知识了解得还真不少，索性就让采用了“自学加互学”的学习模式，在互帮互学</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><A href="http://www.shuxueweb.com/2006/zhongxue/Index.html"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>中</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>帮助学生建立</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这些约定俗成的规定性的知识架构。在下面的“创作”中就要读、写分数，我认为这时候互学是有必要的，而且也不违背学生的认知规律。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.7pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-left: 1.14gd" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然学生对分数表示的意思还不清楚，或无法用数学化地语言表述，但他们是有生活体验的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>