温馨课堂 共享和谐
发布时间:2009-03-09 来源:
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 140pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">温馨课堂</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black"> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">共享和谐</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 238.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 19.9"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">----</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如何构建温馨课堂之我见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="叶澜"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">叶澜</SPAN></st1:PersonName><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教授说:“课堂教学是由师生共同创造的只有学校中才有的活动方式,它是师生生命中最重要而有意义的组成部分。”可见课堂是教育的主阵地,课堂教学对学生终生学习有着非同一般的意义。而充满温馨和谐氛围的课堂能够拉近师生之间的距离,激发学生求知欲望,激活学生的思维潜能,学生在学习过程中能够呈现积极的状态,使他们的能力得以锻炼,个性得以优化。营造温馨的课堂教学氛围,是成功实施教学的关键要素之一。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">那么如何构建温馨课堂呢?以下内容是我的一些浅见:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一、关注学生心理,调动学生积极学习的情绪<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">小学牛津英语教材中,各年级有相同的学习主题,从低年级到高年级的教材中,同一主题知识量的分步呈螺旋上升趋势。各年级教材内容都有内在联系且环环相扣。学生通过五年的学习,知识的“雪球”越滚越大。针对这一特征,我们教师应该认真梳理、把握各年级的教材内容。在教学活动时,通过学生较熟悉的旧知导出新知,这样可以降低学生对新授内容的陌生感,有利于调动学生积极主动的学习情绪,提高学生的学习热情。如,我们在一堂</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">课的<SPAN lang=EN-US> ‘Pre-task’</SPAN>环节里,可以利用 <SPAN lang=EN-US>‘Quick response’ ‘Ask and answer’</SPAN>等活动的形式,让学生尝试回忆并说一说与新授内容相关的旧知,为新授作铺垫,同时,适当增加活动的趣味性和挑战性,活跃气氛。熟悉的教学内容会激发学生的学习欲望,增强学生的学习自信,在老师的引导下,学生就能全身心投入到随后的教学活动中。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">二、创设真实语境,丰富学生的情感体验<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">新课程标准进一步强调:课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活体验和认知水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式。这就要求我们教师要引导学生通过参与各种具有真实意义的语言实践活动,使他们真正地感知语言,使用语言,进而实现语言的交际功能。然而,要让学生在课堂内实现真正的语言交际,我们必须要根据学生的实际学习情况,为学生创设较为真实的语言环境,这样才能增强学生的情感体验。而</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">情感</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">又是</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">兴趣的诱因,它</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">能使学生</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">的注意</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">力</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">、感知、思维倾向</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">于学习过程</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">,</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">促使学生进入更好的学习状态,提高学习效率。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.25"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">小学生活泼好动,情感世界丰富而敏感,他们对与他们生活经历贴近的事物比较感兴趣,如,学校生活、家庭生活、社会公共生活,这些生活内容都是学生熟悉的,感到亲切的。心理学家布鲁纳说:“学习的最好刺激乃是对学习材料的兴趣。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成功的外语课堂教学应在课堂内创设更多的情景,让学生有机会运用自己掌握的语言材料。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">因此,教师要善于把教材内容化为实际生活,把教学活动化为交际活动,结合学生比较感兴趣的话题,联系生活实际,精心设计教学过程,</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">给</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">予</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">学生</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">较真实</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">的信息刺激,</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">在较真实的生活情景中调动</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">学生的多种感官活动,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增强学生的情感体验,从内心激发起学生对参与活动的欲望,在他们亲自参与各种教学活动时,在师生、生生互动时,课堂也多了一份温馨和自然。如,教师在意义性操练阶段,可以利用媒体或教具模拟学校、家庭、公共场所等场景,让学生用‘<SPAN lang=EN-US>Make a dialogue’ ‘Do a role play’ ‘Do a survey’</SPAN>等形式<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>进行同桌、小组或全班范围的练习。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">学生们在真实的语境中情感体验会较为深刻,不仅巩固操练了新句型,在交流中还提高了语言运用能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">三、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以学生为本<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">,促进学生整体</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">与</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">个体的和谐</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生是多样化的,每个学生都有不同的学习基础,他们对待学习的态度和兴趣也有所不同,此外,每个学生的学习能力也有所差异。这就要求教师在教学中实施情意调控,教师的情意调控在学生学习过程中起着驱动、诱导、调节的作用,它可以激发学生的<SPAN class=oblogtext>学习</SPAN>好奇心<SPAN class=oblogtext>、学习欲望、学习动机及学习</SPAN>热情等等,以推动学习目标<SPAN class=oblogtext>,营造“我要学<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>我想学<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的温馨学习气氛。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">学生和谐互助,促进学生整体发展<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">管理学中有一个木桶原理:一个木捅有多块木板组成,如果组成木捅的这些木板长短不一,那么这个木捅的最大容量不取决于最长的的木板,而取决于最短的那块木板。因此,一个班级的整体学习水平不是由少数优等生决定的,而是取决于全体学生。所以,我们教师应该想方设法提高学生整体的英语学习水平,而学生合作学习是提升整体学习水平的方式之一。首先,在教学中,教师应根据不同层次学生的自身实际制定相应的阶段性目标,使教学要求置于各层次学生的最近发展区之中。如,在意义性语言操练过程中,教师可</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">根据班级学生的</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">知识基础和实际能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">,设计</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">学生合作完成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">分层次的语言训练题</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">:‘<SPAN lang=EN-US>Say and act’ ‘Do a survey’ ‘Guessing game’</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">等<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">让学生根据自己的实际能力</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">自主选择内容,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">同时,引导他们采取合理的学习策略:<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">能力较弱的同学以模仿教材内容为主,学有余力的同学可基于教材内容自主创新;其次,在学生互相合作中,教师通过协调,利</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma">用自己的肢体语言、眼神交流来</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">鼓励学生互相合作与学习,培养学生的团队协作能力,</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">让</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">能力</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">有所</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">差异的小组成员</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">交流中得以能力互补,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">增强学生的自信心,让他们在不断努力和进步中,</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: ZH">共同</SPAN><SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">体验、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">感受到成功的喜悦和学习的乐趣,进而实现学生整体学习水平的提高。<SPAN style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm">同时,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">通过合作学习,让同学之间积极互动,在交际中</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">让同学相互之间成为最亲密的伙伴,营造一种和谐互助的温馨氛围。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">尊重个体差异,促进学生个体发展<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN class=oblogtext><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教师既要着眼于学生整体的发展,也要立足于学生个体的发展,因为,个体发展是整体发展的基础。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基于此,教师应该面向全体学生,关心与尊重每位学生,让每个学习层次的学生,特别是学习能力较薄弱的学生也都能深切认识自我价值,获得提高自身能力的动力。这就要求教师不要过分注重对学生学习结果的评价,注重对学生学习过程中的评价。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">教师在对学生学习过程的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">评价中,首先,注重过程评价的全面性:对学生的积极参与,成功体验,态度进步等给予充分积极的肯定。其次,应以学生的发展为本,用发展的眼光看待学生,对学生既得的进步,无论大与小,均予以鼓励: <SPAN lang=EN-US>‘Good job!’ ‘I’m so proud of you!’ ‘You are so great!’</SPAN>如果,学生的努力暂时没有取得成果,也要鼓励他们继续尝试:<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘You <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>can do better!’</SPAN>。总之,教师要</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">尽量去发现学生身上明显或隐藏的闪光点,毫不吝惜地鼓励学生,使学生也能看到自己的优点,增强他们学习的自信心,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">促成学生树立积极的学习态度,相信终有一天星星之火可以燎原。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、共同探索知识,促进学生思维潜能的开发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;">传统的课堂教学模式是教师讲、学生听;教师演示、学生看。学生的思维模式完全取决于教师的安排。由此可见,传统的教学模式过于注重知识的灌输,忽视了学生学习能力的培养与学习潜能的开发。二期课改要求在教学活动中,语言训练与思维训练同步,这就要求我们教师对学生注重学法指导,让学生学会学习,从而促进学生思维潜能的开发。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;">教师是教学活动的主导者,是学生学习活动的组织协调者,而学生才是学习活动的主体</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。由于</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;">每个学生的学习基础、学习兴趣、学习能力都不同,他们对学习内容深度和广度的需求也各有差异。所以,教师要为各层次的学生设置不同的学习任务。同时,教师也要对他们</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进行耐心细致的学法指导,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;">让学生能够积极、主动地融入教学实践活动,自主的学习,与老师一起分享探索知识的乐趣,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">激发他们继续向更高层次追求的愿望</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;">。探索的过程中定会有不一致的观点,教师可以鼓励学生发表不同见解,允许学生创新,允许学生犯错,让学生认识到学习活动中每个人都是平等的,使每位学生包括后劲生都敢于充分表现自己,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">让学生在教师的鼓励与指导中,在思维碰撞的火花中,产生“乐学”思想,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#718;&#805;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#718;&#805;">促进他们思维潜能的开发。只有每位学生都在民主的学习环境中得到充分的发展,才能形成一种真正温馨、和谐与宽松的课堂气氛,使学生的主体性和自主性能够得以充分的诠释。如,我们常让学生用念儿歌的方式来巩固新授,把句型和单词整合在一首儿歌中,在充满韵律感的节奏中,学生很快就能掌握新授。在此之后,我们何不</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自然地过渡到让学生尝试自编一首类似的儿歌?学生可以根据自己的经验来挑选合适的单词或句型完成儿歌。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">儿歌的改编,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不仅巩固了新授内容,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也训练了学生语言迁移的能力,更是对学生思维潜能的开发,体现了语言训练和思维训练同步进行这一课改精神</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,整个学习过程也培养了学生的团结协作能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: &#718;&#805;"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总之,多一点关心、了解和体会,让学生更多地体会到真情实感;多一些鼓励、赞美和赏识,让学生赢得更多的自信和成功的体验;多一点尊重、沟通和合作,让学生更多地感受到合作学习和自主学习的成功与快乐,温馨课堂将会是孩子们的学习乐园。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上海市裘锦秋实验学校</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">孙瑜</SPAN></P>
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